The growth of social media use on sites such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and MySpace has prompted many employers to broaden their electronic communication policies to address employee participation on such sites when that participation includes employment-related information. There are limits, however, to how far employers can go to regulate employee communication, as illustrated by a recent complaint issued by Region 34 of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).

The NLRB’s complaint claims that American Medical Response of Connecticut, Inc. fired one of its employees because she posted less-than-flattering comments about her supervisor on Facebook. In particular, the employee used expletives and implied that her supervisor suffered from psychiatric problems. Some of the employee’s co-workers expressed support for her in their comments in response to the posting. Although the employer contends that the employee was terminated because of complaints about her performance – rather than anything the employee posted on Facebook – the NLRB nonetheless issued a complaint and scheduled a hearing for early next year.

At the heart of the NLRB’s case is the well-settled principle that employees generally have a right to communicate with one another about the terms and conditions of their employment. Such so-called protected concerted activities cannot form the basis for any adverse employment actions without running afoul of federal labor law. According to the NLRB, the fact that the communications in this case took place on a social media site does not in any way lessen the protections afforded the employee. Indeed, Acting General Counsel for the NLRB, Luke Solomon, suggested Facebook is akin to a “water cooler.” As a result, the NLRB took into account the employer’s policy of prohibiting employees from making negative comments about supervisors or “in any way” depicting the company on the Internet without permission in reaching its decision to issue a complaint.

Although it remains to be seen whether the NLRB will prevail, its decision to issue the complaint serves as a timely reminder to all employers. Regardless of whether employees are represented by a labor union or not, the National Labor Relations Act applies to all employers, and employers may not interfere with employee-protected concerted activity. Policies that purport to prohibit employees from engaging in “all” or “any” communication regarding the employer can draw unwanted attention from the NLRB. It is no defense that the prohibition applies only to social media or was not intended to chill employee rights.

A well-drafted, comprehensive electronic communications policy is the key to avoiding similar problems. Such a policy allows employers to protect their legitimate interests without unlawfully interfering with protected concerted activities or other employee rights.

Online social media, such as social networking websites or blogs, can be highly effective business tools for sharing ideas and exchanging information. They also can present problems for employers when dealing with how employees use such media in and outside of workplaces. Improper use of social media by employees can include disclosing employer sensitive or proprietary information over social media or using social media via employers’ electronic communication systems to engage in illegal or fraudulent activities. To help reduce liability for improper use of social media by employees, employers should adopt and implement social media and electronic communications policies to set guidelines for employee use of online social media.

Recent Staff One Presentation Developing an Effective Social Media Policy